Synergetic efficiency of Lidar and WorldView-2 for 3D urban cartography in Northeast Mexico     

Fabiola D. Yépez Rincón  Diego F. Lozano García 《国际地球制图》2019,34(2):164-178

Three-dimensional urban cartography is needed for city changes’ assessment. The variety of studies using 3D calculations of urban elements grows each year. Building and vegetation volumes are necessary to assess and understand spatio-temporal urban changeable environments. However, there are technical questions as to which method can improve 3D urban cartographic accuracy. The innovative part of this current study is the creation of a six-band hybrid obtained from LIDAR and WorldView2 synergy. Two different enhancement algorithms demonstrated the most important spectral features for the urban development and vegetation classes. Results indicated an improvement in accuracy by up to 21.3%, according to the Kappa coefficient. Both infra-red band and intensity band were the most significant, according to the principal components analysis. The synergy delimited classes and polygons, as well as the direct display of information regarding heights of elements and improving the extraction of roads, buildings and vegetation classes.  相似文献   

Geospatial data mining for digital raster mapping     

Bruce K. Wylie  Neal J. Pastick  Joshua J. Picotte  Carol A. Deering 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(3):406-429

We performed an in-depth literature survey to identify the most popular data mining approaches that have been applied for raster mapping of ecological parameters through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remotely sensed data. Popular data mining approaches included decision trees or “data mining” trees which consist of regression and classification trees, random forests, neural networks, and support vector machines. The advantages of each data mining approach as well as approaches to avoid overfitting are subsequently discussed. We also provide suggestions and examples for the mapping of problematic variables or classes, future or historical projections, and avoidance of model bias. Finally, we address the separate issues of parallel processing, error mapping, and incorporation of “no data” values into modeling processes. Given the improved availability of digital spatial products and remote sensing products, data mining approaches combined with parallel processing potentials should greatly improve the quality and extent of ecological datasets.  相似文献   

利用Sentinel-2A多光谱成像仪与Landsat8陆地成像仪影像进行普陀山岛植被分类效果比较     

章晓洁  邓艳芬  张亚超  蒋芸芸  邱桔斐 《测绘通报》2019,(10):97-100

卫星遥感技术可用于海岛资源调查。Sentinel-2A与Landsat 8两颗卫星都可免费提供空间分辨率较高的多光谱遥感影像，在海岛调查中的应用潜力较大。本文以浙江舟山普陀山岛为例开展了针对这两种影像在海岛植被分类中的应用效果的研究，分别利用Sentinel-2A多光谱成像仪（MSI）和Landsat 8陆地成像仪（OLI）影像基于最大似然法分类获得了该岛阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、灌丛、草丛等植被及其他地物的分布情况，并进行了精度检验，结果表明MSI的总体分类精度略高于OLI。  相似文献   

热河生物群爬行类化石Monjurosuchus splendens中文译名讨论及其属种分类位置研究简史     

姬书安 《地质论评》2021,67(1):67020011-67020011

Monjurosuchus splendens是辽宁西部热河生物群中最早被正式命名的爬行类化石,该属种名称在最初以英文发表的论文中并没有明确其含义,导致它的中文称谓有“文珠龙”（属名）、“荣耀满洲鳄”、“楔齿满洲鳄”等几种说法。本文认为属名（Monjurosuchus）应尊重最初命名者论文中的日文摘要表述的含义,称之为“满洲鳄”,而种名（splendens）的拉丁文并不是“楔齿”之义,应按其本义译为“华丽”,因而Monjurosuchus splendens的正确中文译名应为“华丽满洲鳄”。华丽满洲鳄的分类位置、以及其与辽宁西部另一爬行类化石“东方喙龙Rhynchosaurus orientalis”的关系长期以来亦存在着不同看法,直到20世纪末和21世纪初Monjurosuchus splendens作为有效属种名称被再次确认且被正确归入离龙目（Choristodera）。本文回顾了该属种研究历史及其分类位置的认识变化情况,支持将其归入离龙目（Choristodera）满洲鳄科（Monjurosuchidae）、而且“东方喙龙Rhynchosaurus orientalis”为华丽满洲鳄Monjurosuchus splendens的晚出同物异名这一观点。  相似文献   

页岩岩相分类表征及对建产区产能的影响     

欧成华  梁成钢  罗利  杨晓  李丹  李兆亮 《沉积学报》2021,39(2):269-280

单井产气能力差异大,导致持续稳产困难是页岩气建产区面临的关键难题。围绕页岩气建产区特点,建立了考虑建产区产气能力影响的优质海相页岩岩相分类表征技术流程。首先,分析了建产区优质页岩产气能力差异主控因素,制定了建产区优质页岩岩相分类方案;然后,建立了TOC含量,孔隙度,泥质、硅质、钙质矿物含量等关键参数测井计算模型,结合页岩成因类型,完成了建产区单井参数计算及岩相识别,在实例页岩气建产区识别出10类页岩岩相,揭示了页岩岩相类型与产气能力差异间的对应关系;最后,采用沉积微相约束岩相的策略,运用截断高斯模拟算法建立起实例页岩气建产区岩相三维模型,展示了每类岩相的空间分布特征,揭示了区内五峰组—龙马溪组海相黑色页岩内部产气能力差异特征,与此同时,按照满足在三维空间中所占体积比例大、产气能力大的条件,确定区内产气能力最优的岩相类型为:富碳高孔含钙泥质硅质页岩、富碳富孔混合页岩和高碳中—高孔含钙含泥硅质页岩。上述成果有利于解释建产区不同空间位置产气能力存在较大差异的本质原因,为页岩气建产区精细化生产管理提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

基于无人机倾斜摄影的黄土滑坡信息多维提取与应用分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王俊豪  魏云杰  梅傲霜  管建军  丁祥  王双亭 《中国地质》2021,48(2):388-401

本文针对黄土地区地质灾害调查与评估需求,探索了一种基于无人机倾斜摄影影像和飞控数据的滑坡单体信息多维提取的方法。通过影像处理获得的DEM、DOM和实景三维模型等多维数据,对贾家村滑坡坡形、坡度、相对高差、植被覆盖率、纵坡比降、表面积与物源体积进行定量提取,结合区域气象数据分析了贾家村滑坡年均降雨量时空分布规律,利用相关地质资料分析了其地层岩性特点和区域地质构造情况,为准确评定其稳定性及危险性提供既高效又准确的定性、定量参考依据。  相似文献   

Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin     

XIONG Lianqiao  XIE Xiaojun  ZHAO Zhao  ZHANG Chunyu  WANG Long  LIAO Jihu  CAI Lulu  XU Wei 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):248-258

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this area.For a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in well.Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation.Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration.Distribution characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research.Based on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were analyzed.No limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation.It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Compared with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity.Through RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Dominant frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine facies.Based on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method.Distribution of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest.Square of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km²and the volume is 50 km³.Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.  相似文献   

A novel index to evaluate discretization methods:A case study of flood susceptibility assessment based on random forest     

Xianzhe Tang  Takashi Machimura  Wei Liu  Jiufeng Li  Haoyuan Hong 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):313-325

The selection of a suitable discretization method(DM)to discretize spatially continuous variables(SCVs)is critical in ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessment.However,few studies start to consider the influence due to the selected DMs and how to efficiently select a suitable DM for each SCV.These issues were well addressed in this study.The information loss rate(ILR),an index based on the informa-tion entropy,seems can be used to select optimal DM for each SCV.However,the ILR fails to show the actual influence of discretization because such index only considers the total amount of information of the discretized variables departing from the original SCV.Facing this issue,we propose an index,infor-mation change rate(ICR),that focuses on the changed amount of information due to the discretization based on each cell,enabling the identification of the optimal DM.We develop a case study with Random Forest(training/testing ratio of 7:3)to assess flood susceptibility in Wanan County,China.The area under the curve-based and susceptibility maps-based approaches were presented to compare the ILR and ICR.The results show the ICR-based optimal DMs are more rational than the ILR-based ones in both cases.Moreover,we observed the ILR values are unnaturally small(＜1％),whereas the ICR values are obviously more in line with general recognition(usually 10％-30％).The above results all demonstrate the superiority of the ICR.We consider this study fills up the existing research gaps,improving the ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessments.  相似文献   

基于镜像图的LRC和CRC偏差结合的人脸识别     

陈铭  周先春  周杰 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(3):340-345

为了提高人脸识别率及更好地显示人脸特征,本文提出了一种基于镜像图的LRC和CRC偏差结合的人脸识别方法.该方法首先生成一种镜像人脸,再通过融合原始人脸和镜像人脸形成新的混合训练样本,最后利用LRC和CRC偏差结合进行人脸识别.新方法增加了训练样本的数目,克服了由于光照和姿态等外部因素带来的影响.实验结果表明,镜像图与LRC和CRC偏差结合的人脸识别方法提高了人脸识别的准确性.  相似文献   

太原汛期短时强降水环流分型及环境参量分析     

周晋红  赵彩萍  董春卿 《干旱气象》2019,37(3):392-399

应用太原1996-2015年7个国家气象站、2008-2015年63个区域站6-9月逐时降水资料及相关探空、地面观测资料,对太原短时强降水日环流配置进行天气学分型,分析各流型下关键环境参数分布特征。结果表明,太原发生短时强降水的500 hPa环流形势有四种:冷涡型、高空槽型、高空槽加副高型、西北气流型。太原短时强降水常发生在比较温和的对流有效位能(CAPE)环境下,大部分过程CAPE值≤1500 J·kg^-1,冷涡型则≤1000 J·kg^-1。西北气流型850 hPa与500 hPa温差(ΔT850-500)大,静力不稳定度比其他型更强,且500 hPa有明显的干层存在。高空槽加副高型K指数大,且暖云厚度均值达3576 m,明显大于其他型2471~2608 m的均值。冷涡型全部、高空槽型85%的过程出现在弱0~6 km垂直风切变环境下,而高空槽加副高型、西北气流型0~6 km垂直风切变相对较大,35%以上达到中等强度。冷涡型、西北气流型短时强降水太原上空700 hPa水汽常比850 hPa更充沛。太原超过70 mm·h^-1的极端降水出现在西北气流型下,有中等强度的CAPE值、强层结不稳定、弱0~6 km垂直风切变、3550 m以上暖云厚度,中低空水汽充足,这些环境参量的配合对强降水效率有很好的指示意义。  相似文献